Modules and Packages in Mojo

Overview link

Modules and packages in Mojo, while having some similarities, differ significantly from Python’s approach. Understanding these differences is key to leveraging Mojo effectively, especially as the language continues to evolve and adopt a robust package management system.

Mojo Files and Main Function link

In Mojo, like in many programming languages, a main function is essential for executing code. This is evident when creating and running Mojo files. Example of a Mojo File (hello.mojo):

  fn main():
print("Hello, world!")
  

To run this file, use the command: mojo hello.mojo.

Scripting with Arguments link

Suppose you want to turn a script into a calculator that adds numbers passed as arguments. In this case, the approach of using a main function in Mojo files remains valid.

Creating Modules link

When building reusable code with structures and methods, a different approach is needed, particularly when the code doesn’t depend on a main function. Creating a Module (mymodule.mojo):

  struct MyPair:
var first: Int
var second: Int
fn __init__(inout self, first: Int, second: Int):
self.first = first
self.second = second
fn dump(self):
print(self.first, self.second)
  

Using Modules in Mojo Files link

You can include and use modules in your main Mojo file through various import methods. Importing and Using a Module in hello.mojo:

  # Option 1: Specific Import
from mymodule import MyPair
fn main():
let mine = MyPair(2, 4)
mine.dump()
# Option 2: Generic Import
import mymodule
fn main():
let mine = mymodule.MyPair(2, 4)
mine.dump()
# Option 3: Import with Alias
import mymodule as my
fn main():
let mine = my.MyPair(2, 4)
mine.dump()
  

Mojo Packages link

Packages in Mojo are used to organize and distribute a collection of related modules. Example Package Structure:

  main.mojo
mypackage/
__init__.mojo
mymodule.mojo
  

Using a Package in main.mojo:

  from mypackage.mymodule import MyPair
fn main():
let mine = MyPair(2, 4)
mine.dump()
  

Creating a Mojo Package:

To bundle your package for distribution, you can use the Mojo package command: mojo package mypackage -o mypack.mojopkg

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