Advanced Concepts in Scala

Advanced Concepts link

Scala offers several advanced features, including pattern matching, case classes, and implicit parameters and conversions.

Pattern Matching

Pattern matching in Scala is a powerful tool for checking a value against a pattern.

• Basic Syntax:

    val number = 3
  number match {
    case 1 => println("One")
    case 2 => println("Two")
    case 3 => println("Three")
    case _ => println("Something else")
  }
    

• Pattern Matching with Case Classes:

    case class Person(name: String, age: Int)
  val alice = Person("Alice", 25)
  alice match {
    case Person("Alice", 25) => println("Hi Alice!")
    case _ => println("Not Alice")
  }
    

Case Classes

Case classes are immutable by default and decomposable through pattern matching.

• Defining a Case Class:

    case class Point(x: Int, y: Int)
    

Implicit Parameters and Conversions

Scala allows defining parameters as implicit, which are automatically passed by the compiler.

• Implicit Parameters:

    def greet(implicit name: String): Unit = println(s"Hello, $name!")
  implicit val myName: String = "Bob"
  greet // Outputs: Hello, Bob!
    

• Implicit Conversions:

    implicit def intToString(value: Int): String = value.toString
  val myString: String = 123 // Automatically converts Int to String
    

Code Example: Advanced Scala Program

Here’s a Scala program demonstrating these advanced concepts:

  case class Student(name: String, grade: Int)

object AdvancedScalaApp {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val student = Student("Alice", 1)
    student match {
      case Student("Alice", 1) => println("Welcome Alice in grade 1!")
      case _ => println("Unknown student")
    }
    implicit val defaultName: String = "John"
    greet // Outputs: Hello, John!
    val myString: String = 2024
    println(myString) // Outputs: "2024"
  }
  def greet(implicit name: String): Unit = println(s"Hello, $name!")
}
  

This program defines a case class Student, demonstrates pattern matching, and showcases implicit parameters and conversions.

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